Add news data support

- Refactor everything in the process, oops Signed-off-by: Nikolaos Karaolidis <nick@karaolidis.com>
2024-01-25 10:46:42 +00:00
parent 178a062c25
commit 002f70e299
53 changed files with 1683 additions and 677 deletions
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -216,16 +216,17 @@ checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"

 [[package]]
 name = "chrono"
-version = "0.4.31"
+version = "0.4.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f2c685bad3eb3d45a01354cedb7d5faa66194d1d58ba6e267a8de788f79db38"
+checksum = "41daef31d7a747c5c847246f36de49ced6f7403b4cdabc807a97b5cc184cda7a"
 dependencies = [
 "android-tzdata",
 "iana-time-zone",
 "js-sys",
 "num-traits",
+ "serde",
 "wasm-bindgen",
- "windows-targets 0.48.5",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.0",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -316,6 +317,41 @@ dependencies = [
 "typenum",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "darling"
+version = "0.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0209d94da627ab5605dcccf08bb18afa5009cfbef48d8a8b7d7bdbc79be25c5e"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core",
+ "darling_macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_core"
+version = "0.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "177e3443818124b357d8e76f53be906d60937f0d3a90773a664fa63fa253e621"
+dependencies = [
+ "fnv",
+ "ident_case",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "strsim",
+ "syn 2.0.48",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "darling_macro"
+version = "0.20.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "836a9bbc7ad63342d6d6e7b815ccab164bc77a2d95d84bc3117a8c0d5c98e2d5"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling_core",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.48",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "dashmap"
 version = "5.5.3"
@@ -644,6 +680,12 @@ version = "0.3.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "5d3d0e0f38255e7fa3cf31335b3a56f05febd18025f4db5ef7a0cfb4f8da651f"

+[[package]]
+name = "hex"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "http"
 version = "0.2.11"
@@ -815,6 +857,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "cc",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "ident_case"
+version = "1.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b9e0384b61958566e926dc50660321d12159025e767c18e043daf26b70104c39"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "idna"
 version = "0.5.0"
@@ -833,6 +881,7 @@ checksum = "bd070e393353796e801d209ad339e89596eb4c8d430d18ede6a1cced8fafbd99"
 dependencies = [
 "autocfg",
 "hashbrown 0.12.3",
+ "serde",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -843,6 +892,7 @@ checksum = "d530e1a18b1cb4c484e6e34556a0d948706958449fca0cab753d649f2bce3d1f"
 dependencies = [
 "equivalent",
 "hashbrown 0.14.3",
+ "serde",
 ]

 [[package]]
@@ -1215,9 +1265,9 @@ checksum = "5b40af805b3121feab8a3c29f04d8ad262fa8e0561883e7653e024ae4479e6de"

 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.76"
+version = "1.0.78"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "95fc56cda0b5c3325f5fbbd7ff9fda9e02bb00bb3dac51252d2f1bfa1cb8cc8c"
+checksum = "e2422ad645d89c99f8f3e6b88a9fdeca7fabeac836b1002371c4367c8f984aae"
 dependencies = [
 "unicode-ident",
 ]
@@ -1239,6 +1289,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde",
 "serde_json",
 "serde_repr",
+ "serde_with",
 "time",
 "tokio",
 "tokio-tungstenite",
@@ -1522,6 +1573,35 @@ dependencies = [
 "serde",
 ]

+[[package]]
+name = "serde_with"
+version = "3.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f5c9fdb6b00a489875b22efd4b78fe2b363b72265cc5f6eb2e2b9ee270e6140c"
+dependencies = [
+ "base64",
+ "chrono",
+ "hex",
+ "indexmap 1.9.3",
+ "indexmap 2.1.0",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_with_macros",
+ "time",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "serde_with_macros"
+version = "3.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dbff351eb4b33600a2e138dfa0b10b65a238ea8ff8fb2387c422c5022a3e8298"
+dependencies = [
+ "darling",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.48",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_yaml"
 version = "0.8.26"
@@ -1587,6 +1667,12 @@ version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"

+[[package]]
+name = "strsim"
+version = "0.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "73473c0e59e6d5812c5dfe2a064a6444949f089e20eec9a2e5506596494e4623"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
 version = "1.0.109"
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ log4rs = "1.2.0"
 serde = "1.0.188"
 serde_json = "1.0.105"
 serde_repr = "0.1.18"
+serde_with = "3.5.1"
 futures-util = "0.3.28"
 reqwest = { version = "0.11.20", features = [
    "json",
@@ -46,4 +47,6 @@ time = { version = "0.3.31", features = [
    "macros",
    "serde-well-known",
 ] }
-backoff = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["tokio"] }
+backoff = { version = "0.4.0", features = [
+    "tokio",
+] }
--- a/log4rs.yaml
+++ b/log4rs.yaml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ appenders:
  stdout:
    kind: console
    encoder:
-      pattern: "{({d} {h({l})} {M}::{L}):65} - {m}{n}"
+      pattern: "{d} {h({l})} {M}::{L} - {m}{n}"

 root:
  level: info
--- a/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/config.rs
@@ -10,8 +10,11 @@ pub const ALPACA_ASSET_API_URL: &str = "https://api.alpaca.markets/v2/assets";
 pub const ALPACA_CLOCK_API_URL: &str = "https://api.alpaca.markets/v2/clock";
 pub const ALPACA_STOCK_DATA_URL: &str = "https://data.alpaca.markets/v2/stocks/bars";
 pub const ALPACA_CRYPTO_DATA_URL: &str = "https://data.alpaca.markets/v1beta3/crypto/us/bars";
+pub const ALPACA_NEWS_DATA_URL: &str = "https://data.alpaca.markets/v1beta1/news";
+
 pub const ALPACA_STOCK_WEBSOCKET_URL: &str = "wss://stream.data.alpaca.markets/v2";
 pub const ALPACA_CRYPTO_WEBSOCKET_URL: &str = "wss://stream.data.alpaca.markets/v1beta3/crypto/us";
+pub const ALPACA_NEWS_WEBSOCKET_URL: &str = "wss://stream.data.alpaca.markets/v1beta1/news";

 pub struct Config {
    pub alpaca_api_key: String,
--- a/src/data/market.rs
+++ b/src/data/market.rs
@@ -1,449 +0,0 @@
-use crate::{
-    config::{Config, ALPACA_CRYPTO_WEBSOCKET_URL, ALPACA_STOCK_WEBSOCKET_URL},
-    data::authenticate_websocket,
-    database,
-    types::{
-        alpaca::{api, websocket, Source},
-        state, Asset, Backfill, Bar, BroadcastMessage, Class,
-    },
-    utils::{duration_until, last_minute, FIFTEEN_MINUTES, ONE_MINUTE},
-};
-use backoff::{future::retry, ExponentialBackoff};
-use futures_util::{
-    stream::{SplitSink, SplitStream},
-    SinkExt, StreamExt,
-};
-use log::{error, info, warn};
-use serde_json::{from_str, to_string};
-use std::{
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-    sync::Arc,
-};
-use time::OffsetDateTime;
-use tokio::{
-    net::TcpStream,
-    spawn,
-    sync::{broadcast::Sender, Mutex, RwLock},
-    task::JoinHandle,
-    time::sleep,
-};
-use tokio_tungstenite::{connect_async, tungstenite::Message, MaybeTlsStream, WebSocketStream};
-
-pub struct Guard {
-    symbols: HashSet<String>,
-    backfill_jobs: HashMap<String, JoinHandle<()>>,
-    pending_subscriptions: HashMap<String, Asset>,
-    pending_unsubscriptions: HashMap<String, Asset>,
-}
-
-pub async fn run(
-    app_config: Arc<Config>,
-    class: Class,
-    broadcast_bus_sender: Sender<BroadcastMessage>,
-) {
-    info!("Running live threads for {:?}.", class);
-
-    let websocket_url = match class {
-        Class::UsEquity => format!(
-            "{}/{}",
-            ALPACA_STOCK_WEBSOCKET_URL, app_config.alpaca_source
-        ),
-        Class::Crypto => ALPACA_CRYPTO_WEBSOCKET_URL.to_string(),
-    };
-
-    let (stream, _) = connect_async(websocket_url).await.unwrap();
-    let (mut sink, mut stream) = stream.split();
-    authenticate_websocket(&app_config, &mut stream, &mut sink).await;
-    let sink = Arc::new(Mutex::new(sink));
-
-    let guard = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Guard {
-        symbols: HashSet::new(),
-        backfill_jobs: HashMap::new(),
-        pending_subscriptions: HashMap::new(),
-        pending_unsubscriptions: HashMap::new(),
-    }));
-
-    spawn(broadcast_bus_handler(
-        app_config.clone(),
-        class,
-        sink.clone(),
-        broadcast_bus_sender.clone(),
-        guard.clone(),
-    ));
-
-    spawn(websocket_handler(
-        app_config.clone(),
-        stream,
-        sink,
-        broadcast_bus_sender.clone(),
-        guard.clone(),
-    ));
-
-    let assets = database::assets::select_where_class(&app_config.clickhouse_client, &class).await;
-    broadcast_bus_sender
-        .send(BroadcastMessage::Asset((
-            state::asset::BroadcastMessage::Add,
-            assets,
-        )))
-        .unwrap();
-}
-
-pub async fn broadcast_bus_handler(
-    app_config: Arc<Config>,
-    class: Class,
-    sink: Arc<Mutex<SplitSink<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>, Message>>>,
-    broadcast_bus_sender: Sender<BroadcastMessage>,
-    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
-) {
-    let mut broadcast_bus_receiver = broadcast_bus_sender.subscribe();
-
-    loop {
-        let app_config = app_config.clone();
-        let sink = sink.clone();
-        let broadcast_bus_sender = broadcast_bus_sender.clone();
-        let guard = guard.clone();
-        let message = broadcast_bus_receiver.recv().await.unwrap();
-
-        spawn(broadcast_bus_handle_message(
-            app_config,
-            class,
-            sink,
-            broadcast_bus_sender,
-            guard,
-            message,
-        ));
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::significant_drop_tightening)]
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
-async fn broadcast_bus_handle_message(
-    app_config: Arc<Config>,
-    class: Class,
-    sink: Arc<Mutex<SplitSink<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>, Message>>>,
-    broadcast_bus_sender: Sender<BroadcastMessage>,
-    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
-    message: BroadcastMessage,
-) {
-    match message {
-        BroadcastMessage::Asset((action, mut assets)) => {
-            assets.retain(|asset| asset.class == class);
-            if assets.is_empty() {
-                return;
-            }
-
-            let assets = assets
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|asset| (asset.symbol.clone(), asset))
-                .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
-
-            let symbols = assets.keys().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-            match action {
-                state::asset::BroadcastMessage::Add => {
-                    database::assets::upsert_batch(
-                        &app_config.clickhouse_client,
-                        assets.clone().into_values(),
-                    )
-                    .await;
-
-                    let mut guard = guard.write().await;
-                    guard.symbols.extend(symbols.clone());
-                    guard.pending_subscriptions.extend(assets);
-
-                    info!("Added {:?}.", symbols);
-
-                    sink.lock()
-                        .await
-                        .send(Message::Text(
-                            to_string(&websocket::data::outgoing::Message::Subscribe(
-                                websocket::data::outgoing::subscribe::Message::new(symbols),
-                            ))
-                            .unwrap(),
-                        ))
-                        .await
-                        .unwrap();
-                }
-                state::asset::BroadcastMessage::Delete => {
-                    database::assets::delete_where_symbols(&app_config.clickhouse_client, &symbols)
-                        .await;
-
-                    let mut guard = guard.write().await;
-                    guard.symbols.retain(|symbol| !assets.contains_key(symbol));
-                    guard.pending_unsubscriptions.extend(assets);
-
-                    info!("Deleted {:?}.", symbols);
-
-                    sink.lock()
-                        .await
-                        .send(Message::Text(
-                            to_string(&websocket::data::outgoing::Message::Unsubscribe(
-                                websocket::data::outgoing::subscribe::Message::new(symbols),
-                            ))
-                            .unwrap(),
-                        ))
-                        .await
-                        .unwrap();
-                }
-                state::asset::BroadcastMessage::Backfill => {
-                    let guard_clone = guard.clone();
-                    let mut guard = guard.write().await;
-
-                    info!("Creating backfill jobs for {:?}.", symbols);
-
-                    for (symbol, asset) in assets {
-                        if let Some(backfill_job) = guard.backfill_jobs.remove(&symbol) {
-                            backfill_job.abort();
-                            backfill_job.await.unwrap_err();
-                        }
-
-                        guard.backfill_jobs.insert(symbol.clone(), {
-                            let guard = guard_clone.clone();
-                            let app_config = app_config.clone();
-
-                            spawn(async move {
-                                backfill(app_config, class, asset.clone()).await;
-
-                                let mut guard = guard.write().await;
-                                guard.backfill_jobs.remove(&symbol);
-                            })
-                        });
-                    }
-                }
-                state::asset::BroadcastMessage::Purge => {
-                    let mut guard = guard.write().await;
-
-                    info!("Purging {:?}.", symbols);
-
-                    for (symbol, _) in assets {
-                        if let Some(backfill_job) = guard.backfill_jobs.remove(&symbol) {
-                            backfill_job.abort();
-                            backfill_job.await.unwrap_err();
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    database::backfills::delete_where_symbols(
-                        &app_config.clickhouse_client,
-                        &symbols,
-                    )
-                    .await;
-
-                    database::bars::delete_where_symbols(&app_config.clickhouse_client, &symbols)
-                        .await;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        BroadcastMessage::Clock(_) => {
-            broadcast_bus_sender
-                .send(BroadcastMessage::Asset((
-                    state::asset::BroadcastMessage::Backfill,
-                    database::assets::select(&app_config.clickhouse_client).await,
-                )))
-                .unwrap();
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-async fn websocket_handler(
-    app_config: Arc<Config>,
-    mut stream: SplitStream<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>>,
-    sink: Arc<Mutex<SplitSink<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>, Message>>>,
-    broadcast_bus_sender: Sender<BroadcastMessage>,
-    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
-) {
-    loop {
-        let app_config = app_config.clone();
-        let sink = sink.clone();
-        let broadcast_bus_sender = broadcast_bus_sender.clone();
-        let guard = guard.clone();
-        let message = stream.next().await.expect("Websocket stream closed.");
-
-        spawn(async move {
-            match message {
-                Ok(Message::Text(data)) => {
-                    let parsed_data = from_str::<Vec<websocket::data::incoming::Message>>(&data);
-
-                    if let Ok(messages) = parsed_data {
-                        for message in messages {
-                            websocket_handle_message(
-                                app_config.clone(),
-                                broadcast_bus_sender.clone(),
-                                guard.clone(),
-                                message,
-                            )
-                            .await;
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        error!(
-                            "Unparsed websocket message: {:?}: {}.",
-                            data,
-                            parsed_data.unwrap_err()
-                        );
-                    }
-                }
-                Ok(Message::Ping(_)) => {
-                    sink.lock().await.send(Message::Pong(vec![])).await.unwrap();
-                }
-                _ => error!("Unknown websocket message: {:?}.", message),
-            }
-        });
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(clippy::significant_drop_tightening)]
-async fn websocket_handle_message(
-    app_config: Arc<Config>,
-    broadcast_bus_sender: Sender<BroadcastMessage>,
-    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
-    message: websocket::data::incoming::Message,
-) {
-    match message {
-        websocket::data::incoming::Message::Subscription(message) => {
-            let symbols = message.bars.into_iter().collect::<HashSet<_>>();
-
-            let mut guard = guard.write().await;
-
-            let newly_subscribed_assets = guard
-                .pending_subscriptions
-                .extract_if(|symbol, _| symbols.contains(symbol))
-                .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
-
-            if !newly_subscribed_assets.is_empty() {
-                info!(
-                    "Subscribed to {:?}.",
-                    newly_subscribed_assets.keys().collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                );
-
-                broadcast_bus_sender
-                    .send(BroadcastMessage::Asset((
-                        state::asset::BroadcastMessage::Backfill,
-                        newly_subscribed_assets.into_values().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-                    )))
-                    .unwrap();
-            }
-
-            let newly_unsubscribed_assets = guard
-                .pending_unsubscriptions
-                .extract_if(|symbol, _| !symbols.contains(symbol))
-                .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
-
-            if !newly_unsubscribed_assets.is_empty() {
-                info!(
-                    "Unsubscribed from {:?}.",
-                    newly_unsubscribed_assets.keys().collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                );
-
-                broadcast_bus_sender
-                    .send(BroadcastMessage::Asset((
-                        state::asset::BroadcastMessage::Purge,
-                        newly_unsubscribed_assets.into_values().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-                    )))
-                    .unwrap();
-            }
-        }
-        websocket::data::incoming::Message::Bars(bar_message)
-        | websocket::data::incoming::Message::UpdatedBars(bar_message) => {
-            let bar = Bar::from(bar_message);
-
-            let guard = guard.read().await;
-            let symbol_status = guard.symbols.get(&bar.symbol);
-
-            if symbol_status.is_none() {
-                warn!(
-                    "Race condition: received bar for unsubscribed symbol: {:?}.",
-                    bar.symbol
-                );
-                return;
-            }
-
-            info!("Received bar for {}: {}.", bar.symbol, bar.time);
-            database::bars::upsert(&app_config.clickhouse_client, &bar).await;
-        }
-        websocket::data::incoming::Message::Success(_) => {}
-    }
-}
-
-pub async fn backfill(app_config: Arc<Config>, class: Class, asset: Asset) {
-    let latest_backfill = database::backfills::select_latest_where_symbol(
-        &app_config.clickhouse_client,
-        &asset.symbol,
-    )
-    .await;
-
-    let fetch_from = if let Some(backfill) = latest_backfill {
-        backfill.time + ONE_MINUTE
-    } else {
-        OffsetDateTime::UNIX_EPOCH
-    };
-
-    let fetch_until = last_minute();
-    if fetch_from > fetch_until {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if app_config.alpaca_source == Source::Iex {
-        let task_run_delay = duration_until(fetch_until + FIFTEEN_MINUTES + ONE_MINUTE);
-        info!(
-            "Queing backfill for {} in {:?}.",
-            asset.symbol, task_run_delay
-        );
-        sleep(task_run_delay).await;
-    }
-
-    info!("Running backfill for {}.", asset.symbol);
-
-    let mut bars = Vec::new();
-    let mut next_page_token = None;
-
-    loop {
-        let message = retry(ExponentialBackoff::default(), || async {
-            app_config.alpaca_rate_limit.until_ready().await;
-            app_config
-                .alpaca_client
-                .get(class.get_data_url())
-                .query(&api::outgoing::bar::Bar::new(
-                    vec![asset.symbol.clone()],
-                    ONE_MINUTE,
-                    fetch_from,
-                    fetch_until,
-                    10000,
-                    next_page_token.clone(),
-                ))
-                .send()
-                .await?
-                .error_for_status()?
-                .json::<api::incoming::bar::Message>()
-                .await
-                .map_err(backoff::Error::Permanent)
-        })
-        .await;
-
-        let message = match message {
-            Ok(message) => message,
-            Err(e) => {
-                error!("Failed to backfill data for {}: {}.", asset.symbol, e);
-                return;
-            }
-        };
-
-        message.bars.into_iter().for_each(|(symbol, bar_vec)| {
-            bar_vec.unwrap_or_default().into_iter().for_each(|bar| {
-                bars.push(Bar::from((bar, symbol.clone())));
-            });
-        });
-
-        if message.next_page_token.is_none() {
-            break;
-        }
-        next_page_token = message.next_page_token;
-    }
-
-    database::bars::upsert_batch(&app_config.clickhouse_client, bars).await;
-    database::backfills::upsert(
-        &app_config.clickhouse_client,
-        &Backfill::new(asset.symbol.clone(), fetch_until),
-    )
-    .await;
-
-    info!("Backfilled data for {}.", asset.symbol);
-}
--- a/src/data/mod.rs
+++ b/src/data/mod.rs
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-pub mod clock;
-pub mod market;
-
-use crate::{config::Config, types::alpaca::websocket};
-use core::panic;
-use futures_util::{
-    stream::{SplitSink, SplitStream},
-    SinkExt, StreamExt,
-};
-use serde_json::{from_str, to_string};
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use tokio::net::TcpStream;
-use tokio_tungstenite::{tungstenite::Message, MaybeTlsStream, WebSocketStream};
-
-async fn authenticate_websocket(
-    app_config: &Arc<Config>,
-    stream: &mut SplitStream<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>>,
-    sink: &mut SplitSink<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>, Message>,
-) {
-    match stream.next().await {
-        Some(Ok(Message::Text(data)))
-            if from_str::<Vec<websocket::data::incoming::Message>>(&data)
-                .unwrap()
-                .first()
-                == Some(&websocket::data::incoming::Message::Success(
-                    websocket::data::incoming::success::Message::Connected,
-                )) => {}
-        _ => panic!("Failed to connect to Alpaca websocket."),
-    }
-
-    sink.send(Message::Text(
-        to_string(&websocket::data::outgoing::Message::Auth(
-            websocket::data::outgoing::auth::Message::new(
-                app_config.alpaca_api_key.clone(),
-                app_config.alpaca_api_secret.clone(),
-            ),
-        ))
-        .unwrap(),
-    ))
-    .await
-    .unwrap();
-
-    match stream.next().await {
-        Some(Ok(Message::Text(data)))
-            if from_str::<Vec<websocket::data::incoming::Message>>(&data)
-                .unwrap()
-                .first()
-                == Some(&websocket::data::incoming::Message::Success(
-                    websocket::data::incoming::success::Message::Authenticated,
-                )) => {}
-        _ => panic!("Failed to authenticate with Alpaca websocket."),
-    };
-}
--- a/src/database/assets.rs
+++ b/src/database/assets.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::types::{Asset, Class};
+use crate::types::Asset;
 use clickhouse::Client;
 use serde::Serialize;

@@ -10,21 +10,13 @@ pub async fn select(clickhouse_client: &Client) -> Vec<Asset> {
        .unwrap()
 }

-pub async fn select_where_class(clickhouse_client: &Client, class: &Class) -> Vec<Asset> {
-    clickhouse_client
-        .query("SELECT ?fields FROM assets FINAL WHERE class = ?")
-        .bind(class)
-        .fetch_all::<Asset>()
-        .await
-        .unwrap()
-}
-
 pub async fn select_where_symbol<T>(clickhouse_client: &Client, symbol: &T) -> Option<Asset>
 where
    T: AsRef<str> + Serialize + Send + Sync,
 {
    clickhouse_client
-        .query("SELECT ?fields FROM assets FINAL WHERE symbol = ?")
+        .query("SELECT ?fields FROM assets FINAL WHERE symbol = ? OR abbreviation = ?")
+        .bind(symbol)
        .bind(symbol)
        .fetch_optional::<Asset>()
        .await
--- a/src/database/backfills.rs
+++ b/src/database/backfills.rs
@@ -1,48 +1,93 @@
-use crate::types::Backfill;
+use crate::{database::assets, threads::data::ThreadType, types::Backfill};
 use clickhouse::Client;
 use serde::Serialize;
+use tokio::join;

 pub async fn select_latest_where_symbol<T>(
    clickhouse_client: &Client,
+    thread_type: &ThreadType,
    symbol: &T,
 ) -> Option<Backfill>
 where
    T: AsRef<str> + Serialize + Send + Sync,
 {
    clickhouse_client
-        .query("SELECT ?fields FROM backfills FINAL WHERE symbol = ? ORDER BY time DESC LIMIT 1")
+        .query(&format!(
+            "SELECT ?fields FROM {} FINAL WHERE symbol = ? ORDER BY time DESC LIMIT 1",
+            match thread_type {
+                ThreadType::Bars(_) => "backfills_bars",
+                ThreadType::News => "backfills_news",
+            }
+        ))
        .bind(symbol)
        .fetch_optional::<Backfill>()
        .await
        .unwrap()
 }

-pub async fn upsert(clickhouse_client: &Client, backfill: &Backfill) {
-    let mut insert = clickhouse_client.insert("backfills").unwrap();
+pub async fn upsert(clickhouse_client: &Client, thread_type: &ThreadType, backfill: &Backfill) {
+    let mut insert = clickhouse_client
+        .insert(match thread_type {
+            ThreadType::Bars(_) => "backfills_bars",
+            ThreadType::News => "backfills_news",
+        })
+        .unwrap();
    insert.write(backfill).await.unwrap();
    insert.end().await.unwrap();
 }

-pub async fn delete_where_symbols<T>(clickhouse_client: &Client, symbols: &[T])
-where
+pub async fn delete_where_symbols<T>(
+    clickhouse_client: &Client,
+    thread_type: &ThreadType,
+    symbols: &[T],
+) where
    T: AsRef<str> + Serialize + Send + Sync,
 {
    clickhouse_client
-        .query("DELETE FROM backfills WHERE symbol IN ?")
+        .query(&format!(
+            "DELETE FROM {} WHERE symbol IN ?",
+            match thread_type {
+                ThreadType::Bars(_) => "backfills_bars",
+                ThreadType::News => "backfills_news",
+            }
+        ))
        .bind(symbols)
        .execute()
        .await
        .unwrap();
 }

-pub async fn delete_where_not_symbols<T>(clickhouse_client: &Client, symbols: &[T])
-where
-    T: AsRef<str> + Serialize + Send + Sync,
-{
-    clickhouse_client
-        .query("DELETE FROM backfills WHERE symbol NOT IN ?")
-        .bind(symbols)
-        .execute()
-        .await
-        .unwrap();
+pub async fn cleanup(clickhouse_client: &Client) {
+    let assets = assets::select(clickhouse_client).await;
+
+    let bars_symbols = assets
+        .clone()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|asset| asset.symbol)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    let news_symbols = assets
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|asset| asset.abbreviation)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    let delete_bars_future = async {
+        clickhouse_client
+            .query("DELETE FROM backfills_bars WHERE symbol NOT IN ?")
+            .bind(bars_symbols)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+    };
+
+    let delete_news_future = async {
+        clickhouse_client
+            .query("DELETE FROM backfills_news WHERE symbol NOT IN ?")
+            .bind(news_symbols)
+            .execute()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+    };
+
+    join!(delete_bars_future, delete_news_future);
 }
--- a/src/database/bars.rs
+++ b/src/database/bars.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use super::assets;
 use crate::types::Bar;
 use clickhouse::Client;
 use serde::Serialize;
@@ -32,10 +33,14 @@ where
        .unwrap();
 }

-pub async fn delete_where_not_symbols<T>(clickhouse_client: &Client, symbols: &[T])
-where
-    T: AsRef<str> + Serialize + Send + Sync,
-{
+pub async fn cleanup(clickhouse_client: &Client) {
+    let assets = assets::select(clickhouse_client).await;
+
+    let symbols = assets
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|asset| asset.symbol)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
    clickhouse_client
        .query("DELETE FROM bars WHERE symbol NOT IN ?")
        .bind(symbols)
--- a/src/database/mod.rs
+++ b/src/database/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 pub mod assets;
 pub mod backfills;
 pub mod bars;
+pub mod news;
--- a/src/database/news.rs
+++ b/src/database/news.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+use super::assets;
+use crate::types::News;
+use clickhouse::Client;
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+pub async fn upsert(clickhouse_client: &Client, news: &News) {
+    let mut insert = clickhouse_client.insert("news").unwrap();
+    insert.write(news).await.unwrap();
+    insert.end().await.unwrap();
+}
+
+pub async fn upsert_batch<T>(clickhouse_client: &Client, news: T)
+where
+    T: IntoIterator<Item = News> + Send + Sync,
+    T::IntoIter: Send,
+{
+    let mut insert = clickhouse_client.insert("news").unwrap();
+    for news in news {
+        insert.write(&news).await.unwrap();
+    }
+    insert.end().await.unwrap();
+}
+
+pub async fn delete_where_symbols<T>(clickhouse_client: &Client, symbols: &[T])
+where
+    T: AsRef<str> + Serialize + Send + Sync,
+{
+    clickhouse_client
+        .query("DELETE FROM news WHERE hasAny(symbols, ?)")
+        .bind(symbols)
+        .execute()
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+}
+
+pub async fn cleanup(clickhouse_client: &Client) {
+    let assets = assets::select(clickhouse_client).await;
+
+    let symbols = assets
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|asset| asset.abbreviation)
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    clickhouse_client
+        .query("DELETE FROM news WHERE NOT hasAny(symbols, ?)")
+        .bind(symbols)
+        .execute()
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+}
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 #![feature(hash_extract_if)]

 mod config;
-mod data;
 mod database;
 mod routes;
+mod threads;
 mod types;
 mod utils;

@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@ use crate::utils::cleanup;
 use config::Config;
 use dotenv::dotenv;
 use log4rs::config::Deserializers;
-use tokio::{spawn, sync::broadcast};
-use types::{BroadcastMessage, Class};
+use tokio::{spawn, sync::mpsc};

 #[tokio::main]
 async fn main() {
@@ -24,21 +23,27 @@ async fn main() {

    cleanup(&app_config.clickhouse_client).await;

-    let (broadcast_bus, _) = broadcast::channel::<BroadcastMessage>(100);
+    let (asset_status_sender, asset_status_receiver) =
+        mpsc::channel::<threads::data::asset_status::Message>(100);
+    let (clock_sender, clock_receiver) = mpsc::channel::<threads::clock::Message>(1);

-    spawn(data::market::run(
+    spawn(threads::data::run(
        app_config.clone(),
-        Class::UsEquity,
-        broadcast_bus.clone(),
+        asset_status_receiver,
+        clock_receiver,
    ));

-    spawn(data::market::run(
-        app_config.clone(),
-        Class::Crypto,
-        broadcast_bus.clone(),
-    ));
+    spawn(threads::clock::run(app_config.clone(), clock_sender));

-    spawn(data::clock::run(app_config.clone(), broadcast_bus.clone()));
+    let assets = database::assets::select(&app_config.clickhouse_client).await;

-    routes::run(app_config, broadcast_bus).await;
+    let (asset_status_message, asset_status_receiver) =
+        threads::data::asset_status::Message::new(threads::data::asset_status::Action::Add, assets);
+    asset_status_sender
+        .send(asset_status_message)
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    asset_status_receiver.await.unwrap();
+
+    routes::run(app_config, asset_status_sender).await;
 }
--- a/src/routes/assets.rs
+++ b/src/routes/assets.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use crate::{
    config::{Config, ALPACA_ASSET_API_URL},
-    database,
+    database, threads,
    types::{
        alpaca::api::incoming::{self, asset::Status},
-        state::{self, BroadcastMessage},
        Asset,
    },
 };
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@ use core::panic;
 use http::StatusCode;
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use tokio::sync::broadcast::Sender;
+use tokio::sync::mpsc;

 pub async fn get(
    Extension(app_config): Extension<Arc<Config>>,
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ pub struct AddAssetRequest {

 pub async fn add(
    Extension(app_config): Extension<Arc<Config>>,
-    Extension(broadcast_bus_sender): Extension<Sender<BroadcastMessage>>,
+    Extension(asset_status_sender): Extension<mpsc::Sender<threads::data::asset_status::Message>>,
    Json(request): Json<AddAssetRequest>,
 ) -> Result<(StatusCode, Json<Asset>), StatusCode> {
    if database::assets::select_where_symbol(&app_config.clickhouse_client, &request.symbol)
@@ -77,31 +76,39 @@ pub async fn add(

    let asset = Asset::from(asset);

-    broadcast_bus_sender
-        .send(BroadcastMessage::Asset((
-            state::asset::BroadcastMessage::Add,
-            vec![asset.clone()],
-        )))
+    let (asset_status_message, asset_status_response) = threads::data::asset_status::Message::new(
+        threads::data::asset_status::Action::Add,
+        vec![asset.clone()],
+    );
+
+    asset_status_sender
+        .send(asset_status_message)
+        .await
        .unwrap();
+    asset_status_response.await.unwrap();

    Ok((StatusCode::CREATED, Json(asset)))
 }

 pub async fn delete(
    Extension(app_config): Extension<Arc<Config>>,
-    Extension(broadcast_bus_sender): Extension<Sender<BroadcastMessage>>,
+    Extension(asset_status_sender): Extension<mpsc::Sender<threads::data::asset_status::Message>>,
    Path(symbol): Path<String>,
 ) -> Result<StatusCode, StatusCode> {
    let asset = database::assets::select_where_symbol(&app_config.clickhouse_client, &symbol)
        .await
        .ok_or(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND)?;

-    broadcast_bus_sender
-        .send(BroadcastMessage::Asset((
-            state::asset::BroadcastMessage::Delete,
-            vec![asset],
-        )))
+    let (asset_status_message, asset_status_response) = threads::data::asset_status::Message::new(
+        threads::data::asset_status::Action::Remove,
+        vec![asset],
+    );
+
+    asset_status_sender
+        .send(asset_status_message)
+        .await
        .unwrap();
+    asset_status_response.await.unwrap();

    Ok(StatusCode::NO_CONTENT)
 }
--- a/src/routes/mod.rs
+++ b/src/routes/mod.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
-use crate::{config::Config, types::BroadcastMessage};
+pub mod assets;
+
+use crate::{config::Config, threads};
 use axum::{
    routing::{delete, get, post},
    serve, Extension, Router,
 };
 use log::info;
 use std::{net::SocketAddr, sync::Arc};
-use tokio::{net::TcpListener, sync::broadcast::Sender};
+use tokio::{net::TcpListener, sync::mpsc};

-pub mod assets;
-
-pub async fn run(app_config: Arc<Config>, broadcast_sender: Sender<BroadcastMessage>) {
+pub async fn run(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    asset_status_sender: mpsc::Sender<threads::data::asset_status::Message>,
+) {
    let app = Router::new()
        .route("/assets", get(assets::get))
        .route("/assets/:symbol", get(assets::get_where_symbol))
        .route("/assets", post(assets::add))
        .route("/assets/:symbol", delete(assets::delete))
        .layer(Extension(app_config))
-        .layer(Extension(broadcast_sender));
+        .layer(Extension(asset_status_sender));

    let addr = SocketAddr::from(([0, 0, 0, 0], 7878));
    let listener = TcpListener::bind(addr).await.unwrap();
--- a/src/threads/clock.rs
+++ b/src/threads/clock.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,41 @@
 use crate::{
    config::{Config, ALPACA_CLOCK_API_URL},
-    types::{
-        alpaca,
-        state::{self, BroadcastMessage},
-    },
+    types::alpaca,
    utils::duration_until,
 };
 use backoff::{future::retry, ExponentialBackoff};
 use log::info;
 use std::sync::Arc;
-use tokio::{sync::broadcast::Sender, time::sleep};
+use time::OffsetDateTime;
+use tokio::{sync::mpsc, time::sleep};

-pub async fn run(app_config: Arc<Config>, broadcast_bus_sender: Sender<BroadcastMessage>) {
+pub enum Status {
+    Open,
+    Closed,
+}
+
+pub struct Message {
+    pub status: Status,
+    pub next_switch: OffsetDateTime,
+}
+
+impl From<alpaca::api::incoming::clock::Clock> for Message {
+    fn from(clock: alpaca::api::incoming::clock::Clock) -> Self {
+        if clock.is_open {
+            Self {
+                status: Status::Open,
+                next_switch: clock.next_close,
+            }
+        } else {
+            Self {
+                status: Status::Closed,
+                next_switch: clock.next_open,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub async fn run(app_config: Arc<Config>, clock_sender: mpsc::Sender<Message>) {
    loop {
        let clock = retry(ExponentialBackoff::default(), || async {
            app_config.alpaca_rate_limit.until_ready().await;
@@ -37,13 +61,6 @@ pub async fn run(app_config: Arc<Config>, broadcast_bus_sender: Sender<Broadcast
        });

        sleep(sleep_until).await;
-
-        broadcast_bus_sender
-            .send(BroadcastMessage::Clock(if clock.is_open {
-                state::clock::BroadcastMessage::Open
-            } else {
-                state::clock::BroadcastMessage::Close
-            }))
-            .unwrap();
+        clock_sender.send(clock.into()).await.unwrap();
    }
 }
--- a/src/threads/data/asset_status.rs
+++ b/src/threads/data/asset_status.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+use super::{Guard, ThreadType};
+use crate::{
+    config::Config,
+    database,
+    types::{alpaca::websocket, Asset},
+};
+use futures_util::{stream::SplitSink, SinkExt};
+use log::info;
+use serde_json::to_string;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::{
+    join,
+    net::TcpStream,
+    spawn,
+    sync::{mpsc, oneshot, Mutex, RwLock},
+};
+use tokio_tungstenite::{tungstenite, MaybeTlsStream, WebSocketStream};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub enum Action {
+    Add,
+    Remove,
+}
+
+pub struct Message {
+    pub action: Action,
+    pub assets: Vec<Asset>,
+    pub response: oneshot::Sender<()>,
+}
+
+impl Message {
+    pub fn new(action: Action, assets: Vec<Asset>) -> (Self, oneshot::Receiver<()>) {
+        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel::<()>();
+        (
+            Self {
+                action,
+                assets,
+                response: sender,
+            },
+            receiver,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+pub async fn run(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
+    mut asset_status_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<Message>,
+    websocket_sender: Arc<
+        Mutex<SplitSink<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>, tungstenite::Message>>,
+    >,
+) {
+    loop {
+        let app_config = app_config.clone();
+        let guard = guard.clone();
+        let websocket_sender = websocket_sender.clone();
+
+        let message = asset_status_receiver.recv().await.unwrap();
+
+        spawn(handle_asset_status_message(
+            app_config,
+            thread_type,
+            guard,
+            websocket_sender,
+            message,
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::significant_drop_tightening)]
+async fn handle_asset_status_message(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
+    websocket_sender: Arc<
+        Mutex<SplitSink<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>, tungstenite::Message>>,
+    >,
+    message: Message,
+) {
+    let symbols = message
+        .assets
+        .clone()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|asset| match thread_type {
+            ThreadType::Bars(_) => asset.symbol,
+            ThreadType::News => asset.abbreviation,
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    match message.action {
+        Action::Add => {
+            let mut guard = guard.write().await;
+
+            guard.symbols.extend(symbols.clone());
+            guard
+                .pending_subscriptions
+                .extend(symbols.clone().into_iter().zip(message.assets.clone()));
+
+            info!("{:?} - Added {:?}.", thread_type, symbols);
+
+            let database_future = async {
+                if matches!(thread_type, ThreadType::Bars(_)) {
+                    database::assets::upsert_batch(&app_config.clickhouse_client, message.assets)
+                        .await;
+                }
+            };
+
+            let websocket_future = async move {
+                websocket_sender
+                    .lock()
+                    .await
+                    .send(tungstenite::Message::Text(
+                        to_string(&websocket::outgoing::Message::Subscribe(
+                            websocket_market_message_factory(thread_type, symbols),
+                        ))
+                        .unwrap(),
+                    ))
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap();
+            };
+
+            join!(database_future, websocket_future);
+        }
+        Action::Remove => {
+            let mut guard = guard.write().await;
+
+            guard.symbols.retain(|symbol| !symbols.contains(symbol));
+            guard
+                .pending_unsubscriptions
+                .extend(symbols.clone().into_iter().zip(message.assets.clone()));
+
+            info!("{:?} - Removed {:?}.", thread_type, symbols);
+
+            let sybols_clone = symbols.clone();
+            let database_future = database::assets::delete_where_symbols(
+                &app_config.clickhouse_client,
+                &sybols_clone,
+            );
+
+            let websocket_future = async move {
+                websocket_sender
+                    .lock()
+                    .await
+                    .send(tungstenite::Message::Text(
+                        to_string(&websocket::outgoing::Message::Unsubscribe(
+                            websocket_market_message_factory(thread_type, symbols),
+                        ))
+                        .unwrap(),
+                    ))
+                    .await
+                    .unwrap();
+            };
+
+            join!(database_future, websocket_future);
+        }
+    }
+
+    message.response.send(()).unwrap();
+}
+
+fn websocket_market_message_factory(
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    symbols: Vec<String>,
+) -> websocket::outgoing::subscribe::Message {
+    match thread_type {
+        ThreadType::Bars(_) => websocket::outgoing::subscribe::Message::Market(
+            websocket::outgoing::subscribe::MarketMessage::new(symbols),
+        ),
+        ThreadType::News => websocket::outgoing::subscribe::Message::News(
+            websocket::outgoing::subscribe::NewsMessage::new(symbols),
+        ),
+    }
+}
--- a/src/threads/data/backfill.rs
+++ b/src/threads/data/backfill.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+use super::{Guard, ThreadType};
+use crate::{
+    config::{Config, ALPACA_CRYPTO_DATA_URL, ALPACA_NEWS_DATA_URL, ALPACA_STOCK_DATA_URL},
+    database,
+    types::{
+        alpaca::{api, Source},
+        Asset, Bar, Class, News, Subset,
+    },
+    utils::{duration_until, last_minute, FIFTEEN_MINUTES, ONE_MINUTE},
+};
+use backoff::{future::retry, ExponentialBackoff};
+use log::{error, info};
+use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc};
+use time::OffsetDateTime;
+use tokio::{
+    join, spawn,
+    sync::{mpsc, oneshot, Mutex, RwLock},
+    task::JoinHandle,
+    time::sleep,
+};
+
+pub enum Action {
+    Backfill,
+    Purge,
+}
+
+pub struct Message {
+    pub action: Action,
+    pub assets: Subset<Asset>,
+    pub response: oneshot::Sender<()>,
+}
+
+impl Message {
+    pub fn new(action: Action, assets: Subset<Asset>) -> (Self, oneshot::Receiver<()>) {
+        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel::<()>();
+        (
+            Self {
+                action,
+                assets,
+                response: sender,
+            },
+            receiver,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+pub async fn run(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
+    mut backfill_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<Message>,
+) {
+    let backfill_jobs = Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::new()));
+
+    let data_url = match thread_type {
+        ThreadType::Bars(Class::UsEquity) => ALPACA_STOCK_DATA_URL.to_string(),
+        ThreadType::Bars(Class::Crypto) => ALPACA_CRYPTO_DATA_URL.to_string(),
+        ThreadType::News => ALPACA_NEWS_DATA_URL.to_string(),
+    };
+
+    loop {
+        let app_config = app_config.clone();
+        let guard = guard.clone();
+        let backfill_jobs = backfill_jobs.clone();
+        let data_url = data_url.clone();
+
+        let message = backfill_receiver.recv().await.unwrap();
+
+        spawn(handle_backfill_message(
+            app_config,
+            thread_type,
+            guard,
+            data_url,
+            backfill_jobs,
+            message,
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::significant_drop_tightening)]
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
+async fn handle_backfill_message(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
+    data_url: String,
+    backfill_jobs: Arc<Mutex<HashMap<String, JoinHandle<()>>>>,
+    message: Message,
+) {
+    let guard = guard.read().await;
+    let mut backfill_jobs = backfill_jobs.lock().await;
+
+    let symbols = match message.assets {
+        Subset::All => guard.symbols.clone().into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        Subset::Some(assets) => assets
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|asset| match thread_type {
+                ThreadType::Bars(_) => asset.symbol,
+                ThreadType::News => asset.abbreviation,
+            })
+            .filter(|symbol| match message.action {
+                Action::Backfill => guard.symbols.contains(symbol),
+                Action::Purge => !guard.symbols.contains(symbol),
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+    };
+
+    match message.action {
+        Action::Backfill => {
+            for symbol in symbols {
+                if let Some(job) = backfill_jobs.remove(&symbol) {
+                    if !job.is_finished() {
+                        job.abort();
+                    }
+                    job.await.unwrap_err();
+                }
+
+                let app_config = app_config.clone();
+                let data_url = data_url.clone();
+
+                backfill_jobs.insert(
+                    symbol.clone(),
+                    spawn(async move {
+                        let (fetch_from, fetch_to) =
+                            queue_backfill(&app_config, thread_type, &symbol).await;
+
+                        match thread_type {
+                            ThreadType::Bars(_) => {
+                                execute_backfill_bars(
+                                    app_config,
+                                    thread_type,
+                                    data_url,
+                                    symbol,
+                                    fetch_from,
+                                    fetch_to,
+                                )
+                                .await;
+                            }
+                            ThreadType::News => {
+                                execute_backfill_news(
+                                    app_config,
+                                    thread_type,
+                                    data_url,
+                                    symbol,
+                                    fetch_from,
+                                    fetch_to,
+                                )
+                                .await;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        Action::Purge => {
+            for symbol in &symbols {
+                if let Some(job) = backfill_jobs.remove(symbol) {
+                    if !job.is_finished() {
+                        job.abort();
+                    }
+                    job.await.unwrap_err();
+                }
+            }
+
+            let backfills_future = database::backfills::delete_where_symbols(
+                &app_config.clickhouse_client,
+                &thread_type,
+                &symbols,
+            );
+
+            let data_future = async {
+                match thread_type {
+                    ThreadType::Bars(_) => {
+                        database::bars::delete_where_symbols(
+                            &app_config.clickhouse_client,
+                            &symbols,
+                        )
+                        .await;
+                    }
+                    ThreadType::News => {
+                        database::news::delete_where_symbols(
+                            &app_config.clickhouse_client,
+                            &symbols,
+                        )
+                        .await;
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            join!(backfills_future, data_future);
+        }
+    }
+
+    message.response.send(()).unwrap();
+}
+
+async fn queue_backfill(
+    app_config: &Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    symbol: &String,
+) -> (OffsetDateTime, OffsetDateTime) {
+    let latest_backfill = database::backfills::select_latest_where_symbol(
+        &app_config.clickhouse_client,
+        &thread_type,
+        &symbol,
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    let fetch_from = latest_backfill
+        .as_ref()
+        .map_or(OffsetDateTime::UNIX_EPOCH, |backfill| {
+            backfill.time + ONE_MINUTE
+        });
+
+    let fetch_to = last_minute();
+
+    if app_config.alpaca_source == Source::Iex {
+        let run_delay = duration_until(fetch_to + FIFTEEN_MINUTES + ONE_MINUTE);
+        info!(
+            "{:?} - Queing backfill for {} in {:?}.",
+            thread_type, symbol, run_delay
+        );
+        sleep(run_delay).await;
+    }
+
+    (fetch_from, fetch_to)
+}
+
+async fn execute_backfill_bars(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    data_url: String,
+    symbol: String,
+    fetch_from: OffsetDateTime,
+    fetch_to: OffsetDateTime,
+) {
+    if fetch_from > fetch_to {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    info!("{:?} - Backfilling data for {}.", thread_type, symbol);
+
+    let mut bars = Vec::new();
+    let mut next_page_token = None;
+
+    loop {
+        let message = retry(ExponentialBackoff::default(), || async {
+            app_config.alpaca_rate_limit.until_ready().await;
+            app_config
+                .alpaca_client
+                .get(&data_url)
+                .query(&api::outgoing::bar::Bar::new(
+                    vec![symbol.clone()],
+                    ONE_MINUTE,
+                    fetch_from,
+                    fetch_to,
+                    10000,
+                    next_page_token.clone(),
+                ))
+                .send()
+                .await?
+                .error_for_status()?
+                .json::<api::incoming::bar::Message>()
+                .await
+                .map_err(backoff::Error::Permanent)
+        })
+        .await;
+
+        let message = match message {
+            Ok(message) => message,
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!(
+                    "{:?} - Failed to backfill data for {}: {}.",
+                    thread_type, symbol, e
+                );
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+
+        message.bars.into_iter().for_each(|(symbol, bar_vec)| {
+            for bar in bar_vec {
+                bars.push(Bar::from((bar, symbol.clone())));
+            }
+        });
+
+        if message.next_page_token.is_none() {
+            break;
+        }
+        next_page_token = message.next_page_token;
+    }
+
+    if bars.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let backfill = bars.last().unwrap().clone().into();
+    database::bars::upsert_batch(&app_config.clickhouse_client, bars).await;
+    database::backfills::upsert(&app_config.clickhouse_client, &thread_type, &backfill).await;
+
+    info!("{:?} - Backfilled data for {}.", thread_type, symbol);
+}
+
+async fn execute_backfill_news(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    data_url: String,
+    symbol: String,
+    fetch_from: OffsetDateTime,
+    fetch_to: OffsetDateTime,
+) {
+    if fetch_from > fetch_to {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    info!("{:?} - Backfilling data for {}.", thread_type, symbol);
+
+    let mut news = Vec::new();
+    let mut next_page_token = None;
+
+    loop {
+        let message = retry(ExponentialBackoff::default(), || async {
+            app_config.alpaca_rate_limit.until_ready().await;
+            app_config
+                .alpaca_client
+                .get(&data_url)
+                .query(&api::outgoing::news::News::new(
+                    vec![symbol.clone()],
+                    fetch_from,
+                    fetch_to,
+                    50,
+                    true,
+                    false,
+                    next_page_token.clone(),
+                ))
+                .send()
+                .await?
+                .error_for_status()?
+                .json::<api::incoming::news::Message>()
+                .await
+                .map_err(backoff::Error::Permanent)
+        })
+        .await;
+
+        let message = match message {
+            Ok(message) => message,
+            Err(e) => {
+                error!(
+                    "{:?} - Failed to backfill data for {}: {}.",
+                    thread_type, symbol, e
+                );
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+
+        message.news.into_iter().for_each(|news_item| {
+            news.push(News::from(news_item));
+        });
+
+        if message.next_page_token.is_none() {
+            break;
+        }
+        next_page_token = message.next_page_token;
+    }
+
+    if news.is_empty() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let backfill = (news.last().unwrap().clone(), symbol.clone()).into();
+    database::news::upsert_batch(&app_config.clickhouse_client, news).await;
+    database::backfills::upsert(&app_config.clickhouse_client, &thread_type, &backfill).await;
+
+    info!("{:?} - Backfilled data for {}.", thread_type, symbol);
+}
--- a/src/threads/data/mod.rs
+++ b/src/threads/data/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+pub mod asset_status;
+pub mod backfill;
+pub mod websocket;
+
+use super::clock;
+use crate::{
+    config::{
+        Config, ALPACA_CRYPTO_WEBSOCKET_URL, ALPACA_NEWS_WEBSOCKET_URL, ALPACA_STOCK_WEBSOCKET_URL,
+    },
+    types::{Asset, Class, Subset},
+    utils::authenticate,
+};
+use futures_util::StreamExt;
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+    sync::Arc,
+};
+use tokio::{
+    join, select, spawn,
+    sync::{mpsc, Mutex, RwLock},
+};
+use tokio_tungstenite::connect_async;
+
+pub struct Guard {
+    pub symbols: HashSet<String>,
+    pub pending_subscriptions: HashMap<String, Asset>,
+    pub pending_unsubscriptions: HashMap<String, Asset>,
+}
+
+impl Guard {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            symbols: HashSet::new(),
+            pending_subscriptions: HashMap::new(),
+            pending_unsubscriptions: HashMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub enum ThreadType {
+    Bars(Class),
+    News,
+}
+
+pub async fn run(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    mut asset_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<asset_status::Message>,
+    mut clock_receiver: mpsc::Receiver<clock::Message>,
+) {
+    let (bars_us_equity_asset_status_sender, bars_us_equity_backfill_sender) =
+        init_thread(app_config.clone(), ThreadType::Bars(Class::UsEquity)).await;
+    let (bars_crypto_asset_status_sender, bars_crypto_backfill_sender) =
+        init_thread(app_config.clone(), ThreadType::Bars(Class::Crypto)).await;
+    let (news_asset_status_sender, news_backfill_sender) =
+        init_thread(app_config.clone(), ThreadType::News).await;
+
+    loop {
+        select! {
+            Some(asset_message) = asset_receiver.recv() => {
+                let bars_us_equity_asset_status_sender = bars_us_equity_asset_status_sender.clone();
+                let bars_crypto_asset_status_sender = bars_crypto_asset_status_sender.clone();
+                let news_asset_status_sender = news_asset_status_sender.clone();
+
+                spawn(handle_asset_message(
+                    bars_us_equity_asset_status_sender,
+                    bars_crypto_asset_status_sender,
+                    news_asset_status_sender,
+                    asset_message,
+                ));
+            }
+            Some(_) = clock_receiver.recv() => {
+                let bars_us_equity_backfill_sender =  bars_us_equity_backfill_sender.clone();
+                let bars_crypto_backfill_sender =  bars_crypto_backfill_sender.clone();
+                let news_backfill_sender =  news_backfill_sender.clone();
+
+                spawn(handle_clock_message(
+                    bars_us_equity_backfill_sender,
+                    bars_crypto_backfill_sender,
+                    news_backfill_sender,
+                ));
+            }
+            else => {
+                panic!("Communication channel unexpectedly closed.")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async fn init_thread(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+) -> (
+    mpsc::Sender<asset_status::Message>,
+    mpsc::Sender<backfill::Message>,
+) {
+    let guard = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Guard::new()));
+
+    let websocket_url = match thread_type {
+        ThreadType::Bars(Class::UsEquity) => format!(
+            "{}/{}",
+            ALPACA_STOCK_WEBSOCKET_URL, &app_config.alpaca_source
+        ),
+        ThreadType::Bars(Class::Crypto) => ALPACA_CRYPTO_WEBSOCKET_URL.into(),
+        ThreadType::News => ALPACA_NEWS_WEBSOCKET_URL.into(),
+    };
+
+    let (websocket, _) = connect_async(websocket_url).await.unwrap();
+    let (mut websocket_sender, mut websocket_receiver) = websocket.split();
+    authenticate(&app_config, &mut websocket_sender, &mut websocket_receiver).await;
+    let websocket_sender = Arc::new(Mutex::new(websocket_sender));
+
+    let (asset_status_sender, asset_status_receiver) = mpsc::channel(100);
+    spawn(asset_status::run(
+        app_config.clone(),
+        thread_type,
+        guard.clone(),
+        asset_status_receiver,
+        websocket_sender.clone(),
+    ));
+
+    let (backfill_sender, backfill_receiver) = mpsc::channel(100);
+    spawn(backfill::run(
+        app_config.clone(),
+        thread_type,
+        guard.clone(),
+        backfill_receiver,
+    ));
+
+    spawn(websocket::run(
+        app_config.clone(),
+        thread_type,
+        guard.clone(),
+        websocket_sender,
+        websocket_receiver,
+        backfill_sender.clone(),
+    ));
+
+    (asset_status_sender, backfill_sender)
+}
+
+async fn handle_asset_message(
+    bars_us_equity_asset_status_sender: mpsc::Sender<asset_status::Message>,
+    bars_crypto_asset_status_sender: mpsc::Sender<asset_status::Message>,
+    news_asset_status_sender: mpsc::Sender<asset_status::Message>,
+    asset_status_message: asset_status::Message,
+) {
+    let (us_equity_assets, crypto_assets): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = asset_status_message
+        .assets
+        .clone()
+        .into_iter()
+        .partition(|asset| asset.class == Class::UsEquity);
+
+    let bars_us_equity_future = async {
+        if !us_equity_assets.is_empty() {
+            let (bars_us_equity_asset_status_message, bars_us_equity_asset_status_receiver) =
+                asset_status::Message::new(asset_status_message.action.clone(), us_equity_assets);
+            bars_us_equity_asset_status_sender
+                .send(bars_us_equity_asset_status_message)
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
+            bars_us_equity_asset_status_receiver.await.unwrap();
+        }
+    };
+
+    let bars_crypto_future = async {
+        if !crypto_assets.is_empty() {
+            let (crypto_asset_status_message, crypto_asset_status_receiver) =
+                asset_status::Message::new(asset_status_message.action.clone(), crypto_assets);
+            bars_crypto_asset_status_sender
+                .send(crypto_asset_status_message)
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
+            crypto_asset_status_receiver.await.unwrap();
+        }
+    };
+
+    let news_future = async {
+        if !asset_status_message.assets.is_empty() {
+            let (news_asset_status_message, news_asset_status_receiver) =
+                asset_status::Message::new(
+                    asset_status_message.action.clone(),
+                    asset_status_message.assets,
+                );
+            news_asset_status_sender
+                .send(news_asset_status_message)
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
+            news_asset_status_receiver.await.unwrap();
+        }
+    };
+
+    join!(bars_us_equity_future, bars_crypto_future, news_future);
+    asset_status_message.response.send(()).unwrap();
+}
+
+async fn handle_clock_message(
+    bars_us_equity_backfill_sender: mpsc::Sender<backfill::Message>,
+    bars_crypto_backfill_sender: mpsc::Sender<backfill::Message>,
+    news_backfill_sender: mpsc::Sender<backfill::Message>,
+) {
+    let bars_us_equity_future = async {
+        let (bars_us_equity_backfill_message, bars_us_equity_backfill_receiver) =
+            backfill::Message::new(backfill::Action::Backfill, Subset::All);
+        bars_us_equity_backfill_sender
+            .send(bars_us_equity_backfill_message)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        bars_us_equity_backfill_receiver.await.unwrap();
+    };
+
+    let bars_crypto_future = async {
+        let (bars_crypto_backfill_message, bars_crypto_backfill_receiver) =
+            backfill::Message::new(backfill::Action::Backfill, Subset::All);
+        bars_crypto_backfill_sender
+            .send(bars_crypto_backfill_message)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        bars_crypto_backfill_receiver.await.unwrap();
+    };
+
+    let news_future = async {
+        let (news_backfill_message, news_backfill_receiver) =
+            backfill::Message::new(backfill::Action::Backfill, Subset::All);
+        news_backfill_sender
+            .send(news_backfill_message)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        news_backfill_receiver.await.unwrap();
+    };
+
+    join!(bars_us_equity_future, bars_crypto_future, news_future);
+}
--- a/src/threads/data/websocket.rs
+++ b/src/threads/data/websocket.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+use super::{backfill, Guard, ThreadType};
+use crate::{
+    config::Config,
+    database,
+    types::{alpaca::websocket, Bar, News, Subset},
+};
+use futures_util::{
+    stream::{SplitSink, SplitStream},
+    SinkExt, StreamExt,
+};
+use log::{error, info, warn};
+use serde_json::from_str;
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+    sync::Arc,
+};
+use tokio::{
+    join,
+    net::TcpStream,
+    spawn,
+    sync::{mpsc, Mutex, RwLock},
+};
+use tokio_tungstenite::{tungstenite, MaybeTlsStream, WebSocketStream};
+
+pub async fn run(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
+    websocket_sender: Arc<
+        Mutex<SplitSink<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>, tungstenite::Message>>,
+    >,
+    mut websocket_receiver: SplitStream<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>>,
+    backfill_sender: mpsc::Sender<backfill::Message>,
+) {
+    loop {
+        let app_config = app_config.clone();
+        let guard = guard.clone();
+        let websocket_sender = websocket_sender.clone();
+        let backfill_sender = backfill_sender.clone();
+
+        let message = websocket_receiver.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+        spawn(handle_websocket_message(
+            app_config,
+            thread_type,
+            guard,
+            websocket_sender,
+            backfill_sender,
+            message,
+        ));
+    }
+}
+
+async fn handle_websocket_message(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
+    websocket_sender: Arc<
+        Mutex<SplitSink<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>, tungstenite::Message>>,
+    >,
+    backfill_sender: mpsc::Sender<backfill::Message>,
+    message: tungstenite::Message,
+) {
+    match message {
+        tungstenite::Message::Text(message) => {
+            let message = from_str::<Vec<websocket::incoming::Message>>(&message);
+
+            if let Ok(message) = message {
+                for message in message {
+                    let app_config = app_config.clone();
+                    let guard = guard.clone();
+                    let backfill_sender = backfill_sender.clone();
+
+                    spawn(handle_parsed_websocket_message(
+                        app_config,
+                        thread_type,
+                        guard,
+                        backfill_sender,
+                        message,
+                    ));
+                }
+            } else {
+                error!(
+                    "{:?} - Failed to deserialize websocket message: {:?}",
+                    thread_type, message
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        tungstenite::Message::Ping(_) => {
+            websocket_sender
+                .lock()
+                .await
+                .send(tungstenite::Message::Pong(vec![]))
+                .await
+                .unwrap();
+        }
+        _ => error!(
+            "{:?} - Unexpected websocket message: {:?}",
+            thread_type, message
+        ),
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(clippy::significant_drop_tightening)]
+async fn handle_parsed_websocket_message(
+    app_config: Arc<Config>,
+    thread_type: ThreadType,
+    guard: Arc<RwLock<Guard>>,
+    backfill_sender: mpsc::Sender<backfill::Message>,
+    message: websocket::incoming::Message,
+) {
+    match message {
+        websocket::incoming::Message::Subscription(message) => {
+            let symbols = match message {
+                websocket::incoming::subscription::Message::Market(message) => message.bars,
+                websocket::incoming::subscription::Message::News(message) => message.news,
+            };
+
+            let mut guard = guard.write().await;
+
+            let newly_subscribed = guard
+                .pending_subscriptions
+                .extract_if(|symbol, _| symbols.contains(symbol))
+                .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+
+            let newly_unsubscribed = guard
+                .pending_unsubscriptions
+                .extract_if(|symbol, _| !symbols.contains(symbol))
+                .collect::<HashMap<_, _>>();
+
+            drop(guard);
+
+            let newly_subscribed_future = async {
+                if !newly_subscribed.is_empty() {
+                    info!(
+                        "{:?} - Subscribed to {:?}.",
+                        thread_type,
+                        newly_subscribed.keys().collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    );
+
+                    let (backfill_message, backfill_receiver) = backfill::Message::new(
+                        backfill::Action::Backfill,
+                        Subset::Some(newly_subscribed.into_values().collect::<Vec<_>>()),
+                    );
+
+                    backfill_sender.send(backfill_message).await.unwrap();
+                    backfill_receiver.await.unwrap();
+                }
+            };
+
+            let newly_unsubscribed_future = async {
+                if !newly_unsubscribed.is_empty() {
+                    info!(
+                        "{:?} - Unsubscribed from {:?}.",
+                        thread_type,
+                        newly_unsubscribed.keys().collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    );
+
+                    let (purge_message, purge_receiver) = backfill::Message::new(
+                        backfill::Action::Purge,
+                        Subset::Some(newly_unsubscribed.into_values().collect::<Vec<_>>()),
+                    );
+
+                    backfill_sender.send(purge_message).await.unwrap();
+                    purge_receiver.await.unwrap();
+                }
+            };
+
+            join!(newly_subscribed_future, newly_unsubscribed_future);
+        }
+        websocket::incoming::Message::Bar(message)
+        | websocket::incoming::Message::UpdatedBar(message) => {
+            let bar = Bar::from(message);
+
+            let guard = guard.read().await;
+            if guard.symbols.get(&bar.symbol).is_none() {
+                warn!(
+                    "{:?} - Race condition: received bar for unsubscribed symbol: {:?}.",
+                    thread_type, bar.symbol
+                );
+                return;
+            }
+
+            info!(
+                "{:?} - Received bar for {}: {}.",
+                thread_type, bar.symbol, bar.time
+            );
+            database::bars::upsert(&app_config.clickhouse_client, &bar).await;
+        }
+        websocket::incoming::Message::News(message) => {
+            let news = News::from(message);
+            let symbols = news.symbols.clone().into_iter().collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+
+            let guard = guard.read().await;
+            if !guard.symbols.iter().any(|symbol| symbols.contains(symbol)) {
+                warn!(
+                    "{:?} - Race condition: received news for unsubscribed symbols: {:?}.",
+                    thread_type, news.symbols
+                );
+                return;
+            }
+
+            info!(
+                "{:?} - Received news for {:?}: {}.",
+                thread_type, news.symbols, news.time_created
+            );
+            database::news::upsert(&app_config.clickhouse_client, &news).await;
+        }
+        websocket::incoming::Message::Success(_) => {}
+        websocket::incoming::Message::Error(message) => {
+            error!(
+                "{:?} - Received error message: {}.",
+                thread_type, message.message
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/threads/mod.rs
+++ b/src/threads/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pub mod clock;
+pub mod data;
--- a/src/types/algebraic/mod.rs
+++ b/src/types/algebraic/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+pub mod subset;
+
+pub use subset::Subset;
--- a/src/types/algebraic/subset.rs
+++ b/src/types/algebraic/subset.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum Subset<T> {
+    Some(Vec<T>),
+    All,
+}
--- a/src/types/alpaca/api/incoming/asset.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/api/incoming/asset.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::types::alpaca::api::impl_from_enum;
+use crate::types::{self, alpaca::api::impl_from_enum};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub enum Class {
    Crypto,
 }

-impl_from_enum!(crate::types::Class, Class, UsEquity, Crypto);
+impl_from_enum!(types::Class, Class, UsEquity, Crypto);

 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "UPPERCASE")]
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ pub enum Exchange {
 }

 impl_from_enum!(
-    crate::types::Exchange,
+    types::Exchange,
    Exchange,
    Amex,
    Arca,
@@ -61,10 +61,11 @@ pub struct Asset {
    pub attributes: Option<Vec<String>>,
 }

-impl From<Asset> for crate::types::Asset {
+impl From<Asset> for types::Asset {
    fn from(item: Asset) -> Self {
        Self {
-            symbol: item.symbol,
+            symbol: item.symbol.clone(),
+            abbreviation: item.symbol.replace('/', ""),
            class: item.class.into(),
            exchange: item.exchange.into(),
            time_added: time::OffsetDateTime::now_utc(),
--- a/src/types/alpaca/api/incoming/bar.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/api/incoming/bar.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::types;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use time::OffsetDateTime;
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ pub struct Bar {
    pub vwap: f64,
 }

-impl From<(Bar, String)> for crate::types::Bar {
+impl From<(Bar, String)> for types::Bar {
    fn from((bar, symbol): (Bar, String)) -> Self {
        Self {
            time: bar.time,
@@ -41,6 +42,6 @@ impl From<(Bar, String)> for crate::types::Bar {

 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Message {
-    pub bars: HashMap<String, Option<Vec<Bar>>>,
+    pub bars: HashMap<String, Vec<Bar>>,
    pub next_page_token: Option<String>,
 }
--- a/src/types/alpaca/api/incoming/mod.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/api/incoming/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 pub mod asset;
 pub mod bar;
 pub mod clock;
+pub mod news;
--- a/src/types/alpaca/api/incoming/news.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/api/incoming/news.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+use crate::types;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_with::serde_as;
+use time::OffsetDateTime;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub enum ImageSize {
+    Thumb,
+    Small,
+    Large,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Image {
+    pub size: ImageSize,
+    pub url: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde_as]
+pub struct News {
+    pub id: i64,
+    #[serde(with = "time::serde::rfc3339")]
+    #[serde(rename = "created_at")]
+    pub time_created: OffsetDateTime,
+    #[serde(with = "time::serde::rfc3339")]
+    #[serde(rename = "updated_at")]
+    pub time_updated: OffsetDateTime,
+    pub symbols: Vec<String>,
+    pub headline: String,
+    pub author: String,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub source: Option<String>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub summary: Option<String>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub content: Option<String>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub url: Option<String>,
+    pub images: Vec<Image>,
+}
+
+impl From<News> for types::News {
+    fn from(news: News) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: news.id,
+            time_created: news.time_created,
+            time_updated: news.time_updated,
+            symbols: news.symbols,
+            headline: news.headline,
+            author: news.author,
+            source: news.source,
+            summary: news.summary,
+            url: news.url,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct Message {
+    pub news: Vec<News>,
+    pub next_page_token: Option<String>,
+}
--- a/src/types/alpaca/api/outgoing/bar.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/api/outgoing/bar.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,8 @@
-use serde::{Serialize, Serializer};
+use super::serialize_symbols;
+use serde::Serialize;
 use std::time::Duration;
 use time::OffsetDateTime;

-fn serialize_symbols<S>(symbols: &[String], serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
-where
-    S: Serializer,
-{
-    let string = symbols.join(",");
-    serializer.serialize_str(&string)
-}
-
 fn serialize_timeframe<S>(timeframe: &Duration, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
 where
    S: serde::Serializer,
--- a/src/types/alpaca/api/outgoing/mod.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/api/outgoing/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1,12 @@
 pub mod bar;
+pub mod news;
+
+use serde::Serializer;
+
+fn serialize_symbols<S>(symbols: &[String], serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
+where
+    S: Serializer,
+{
+    let string = symbols.join(",");
+    serializer.serialize_str(&string)
+}
--- a/src/types/alpaca/api/outgoing/news.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/api/outgoing/news.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+use super::serialize_symbols;
+use serde::Serialize;
+use time::OffsetDateTime;
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+pub struct News {
+    #[serde(serialize_with = "serialize_symbols")]
+    pub symbols: Vec<String>,
+    #[serde(with = "time::serde::rfc3339")]
+    pub start: OffsetDateTime,
+    #[serde(with = "time::serde::rfc3339")]
+    pub end: OffsetDateTime,
+    pub limit: i64,
+    pub include_content: bool,
+    pub exclude_contentless: bool,
+    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
+    pub page_token: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl News {
+    pub const fn new(
+        symbols: Vec<String>,
+        start: OffsetDateTime,
+        end: OffsetDateTime,
+        limit: i64,
+        include_content: bool,
+        exclude_contentless: bool,
+        page_token: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            symbols,
+            start,
+            end,
+            limit,
+            include_content,
+            exclude_contentless,
+            page_token,
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/mod.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/mod.rs
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-pub mod incoming;
-pub mod outgoing;
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/outgoing/subscribe.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/outgoing/subscribe.rs
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-use serde::Serialize;
-
-#[derive(Serialize)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-pub struct Message {
-    bars: Vec<String>,
-    updated_bars: Vec<String>,
-}
-
-impl Message {
-    pub fn new(symbols: Vec<String>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            bars: symbols.clone(),
-            updated_bars: symbols,
-        }
-    }
-}
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/incoming/bar.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/incoming/bar.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::types;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use time::OffsetDateTime;

@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ pub struct Message {
    pub vwap: f64,
 }

-impl From<Message> for crate::types::Bar {
+impl From<Message> for types::Bar {
    fn from(bar: Message) -> Self {
        Self {
            time: bar.time,
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/incoming/error.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/incoming/error.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct Message {
+    pub code: u16,
+    #[serde(rename = "msg")]
+    pub message: String,
+}
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/incoming/mod.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/incoming/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 pub mod bar;
+pub mod error;
+pub mod news;
 pub mod subscription;
 pub mod success;

@@ -12,7 +14,11 @@ pub enum Message {
    #[serde(rename = "subscription")]
    Subscription(subscription::Message),
    #[serde(rename = "b")]
-    Bars(bar::Message),
+    Bar(bar::Message),
    #[serde(rename = "u")]
-    UpdatedBars(bar::Message),
+    UpdatedBar(bar::Message),
+    #[serde(rename = "n")]
+    News(news::Message),
+    #[serde(rename = "error")]
+    Error(error::Message),
 }
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/incoming/news.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/incoming/news.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+use crate::types;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_with::serde_as;
+use time::OffsetDateTime;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde_as]
+pub struct Message {
+    pub id: i64,
+    #[serde(with = "time::serde::rfc3339")]
+    #[serde(rename = "created_at")]
+    pub time_created: OffsetDateTime,
+    #[serde(with = "time::serde::rfc3339")]
+    #[serde(rename = "updated_at")]
+    pub time_updated: OffsetDateTime,
+    pub symbols: Vec<String>,
+    pub headline: String,
+    pub author: String,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub source: Option<String>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub summary: Option<String>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub content: Option<String>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub url: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl From<Message> for types::News {
+    fn from(news: Message) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: news.id,
+            time_created: news.time_created,
+            time_updated: news.time_updated,
+            symbols: news.symbols,
+            headline: news.headline,
+            author: news.author,
+            source: news.source,
+            summary: news.summary,
+            url: news.url,
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/incoming/subscription.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/incoming/subscription.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-pub struct Message {
+pub struct MarketMessage {
    pub trades: Vec<String>,
    pub quotes: Vec<String>,
    pub bars: Vec<String>,
@@ -13,3 +13,16 @@ pub struct Message {
    pub lulds: Option<Vec<String>>,
    pub cancel_errors: Option<Vec<String>>,
 }
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct NewsMessage {
+    pub news: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub enum Message {
+    Market(MarketMessage),
+    News(NewsMessage),
+}
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/incoming/success.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/incoming/success.rs
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/mod.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-pub mod data;
+pub mod incoming;
+pub mod outgoing;
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/outgoing/auth.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/outgoing/auth.rs
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/outgoing/mod.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/data/outgoing/mod.rs
--- a/src/types/alpaca/websocket/outgoing/subscribe.rs
+++ b/src/types/alpaca/websocket/outgoing/subscribe.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use serde::Serialize;
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct MarketMessage {
+    bars: Vec<String>,
+    updated_bars: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl MarketMessage {
+    pub fn new(symbols: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            bars: symbols.clone(),
+            updated_bars: symbols,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct NewsMessage {
+    news: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl NewsMessage {
+    pub fn new(symbols: Vec<String>) -> Self {
+        Self { news: symbols }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+pub enum Message {
+    Market(MarketMessage),
+    News(NewsMessage),
+}
--- a/src/types/asset.rs
+++ b/src/types/asset.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use crate::config::{ALPACA_CRYPTO_DATA_URL, ALPACA_STOCK_DATA_URL};
 use clickhouse::Row;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use serde_repr::{Deserialize_repr, Serialize_repr};
@@ -11,15 +10,6 @@ pub enum Class {
    Crypto = 2,
 }

-impl Class {
-    pub const fn get_data_url(self) -> &'static str {
-        match self {
-            Self::UsEquity => ALPACA_STOCK_DATA_URL,
-            Self::Crypto => ALPACA_CRYPTO_DATA_URL,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize_repr, Deserialize_repr)]
 #[repr(u8)]
 pub enum Exchange {
@@ -36,6 +26,7 @@ pub enum Exchange {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Row)]
 pub struct Asset {
    pub symbol: String,
+    pub abbreviation: String,
    pub class: Class,
    pub exchange: Exchange,
    #[serde(with = "clickhouse::serde::time::datetime")]
--- a/src/types/backfill.rs
+++ b/src/types/backfill.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::Bar;
+use super::{Bar, News};
 use clickhouse::Row;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use time::OffsetDateTime;
@@ -21,3 +21,9 @@ impl From<Bar> for Backfill {
        Self::new(bar.symbol, bar.time)
    }
 }
+
+impl From<(News, String)> for Backfill {
+    fn from((news, symbol): (News, String)) -> Self {
+        Self::new(symbol, news.time_created)
+    }
+}
--- a/src/types/mod.rs
+++ b/src/types/mod.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
+pub mod algebraic;
 pub mod alpaca;
 pub mod asset;
 pub mod backfill;
 pub mod bar;
-pub mod state;
+pub mod news;

+pub use algebraic::Subset;
 pub use asset::{Asset, Class, Exchange};
 pub use backfill::Backfill;
 pub use bar::Bar;
-pub use state::BroadcastMessage;
+pub use news::News;
--- a/src/types/news.rs
+++ b/src/types/news.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+use clickhouse::Row;
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use serde_with::serde_as;
+use time::OffsetDateTime;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize, Row)]
+#[serde_as]
+pub struct News {
+    pub id: i64,
+    #[serde(with = "clickhouse::serde::time::datetime")]
+    pub time_created: OffsetDateTime,
+    #[serde(with = "clickhouse::serde::time::datetime")]
+    pub time_updated: OffsetDateTime,
+    pub symbols: Vec<String>,
+    pub headline: String,
+    pub author: String,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub source: Option<String>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub summary: Option<String>,
+    #[serde_as(as = "NoneAsEmptyString")]
+    pub url: Option<String>,
+}
--- a/src/types/state/asset.rs
+++ b/src/types/state/asset.rs
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum BroadcastMessage {
-    Add,
-    Backfill,
-    Delete,
-    Purge,
-}
--- a/src/types/state/clock.rs
+++ b/src/types/state/clock.rs
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum BroadcastMessage {
-    Open,
-    Close,
-}
--- a/src/types/state/mod.rs
+++ b/src/types/state/mod.rs
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-use crate::types::Asset;
-
-pub mod asset;
-pub mod clock;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum BroadcastMessage {
-    Asset((asset::BroadcastMessage, Vec<Asset>)),
-    Clock(clock::BroadcastMessage),
-}
--- a/src/utils/cleanup.rs
+++ b/src/utils/cleanup.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 use crate::database;
 use clickhouse::Client;
+use tokio::join;

 pub async fn cleanup(clickhouse_client: &Client) {
-    let assets = database::assets::select(clickhouse_client).await;
-    let symbols = assets
-        .iter()
-        .map(|asset| asset.symbol.clone())
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let bars_future = database::bars::cleanup(clickhouse_client);
+    let news_future = database::news::cleanup(clickhouse_client);
+    let backfills_future = database::backfills::cleanup(clickhouse_client);

-    database::bars::delete_where_not_symbols(clickhouse_client, &symbols).await;
-    database::backfills::delete_where_not_symbols(clickhouse_client, &symbols).await;
+    join!(bars_future, news_future, backfills_future);
 }
--- a/src/utils/mod.rs
+++ b/src/utils/mod.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 pub mod cleanup;
 pub mod time;
+pub mod websocket;

 pub use cleanup::cleanup;
 pub use time::{duration_until, last_minute, FIFTEEN_MINUTES, ONE_MINUTE};
+pub use websocket::authenticate;
--- a/src/utils/websocket.rs
+++ b/src/utils/websocket.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use crate::{config::Config, types::alpaca::websocket};
+use core::panic;
+use futures_util::{
+    stream::{SplitSink, SplitStream},
+    SinkExt, StreamExt,
+};
+use serde_json::{from_str, to_string};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use tokio::net::TcpStream;
+use tokio_tungstenite::{tungstenite::Message, MaybeTlsStream, WebSocketStream};
+
+pub async fn authenticate(
+    app_config: &Arc<Config>,
+    sender: &mut SplitSink<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>, Message>,
+    receiver: &mut SplitStream<WebSocketStream<MaybeTlsStream<TcpStream>>>,
+) {
+    match receiver.next().await.unwrap().unwrap() {
+        Message::Text(data)
+            if from_str::<Vec<websocket::incoming::Message>>(&data)
+                .unwrap()
+                .first()
+                == Some(&websocket::incoming::Message::Success(
+                    websocket::incoming::success::Message::Connected,
+                )) => {}
+        _ => panic!("Failed to connect to Alpaca websocket."),
+    }
+
+    sender
+        .send(Message::Text(
+            to_string(&websocket::outgoing::Message::Auth(
+                websocket::outgoing::auth::Message::new(
+                    app_config.alpaca_api_key.clone(),
+                    app_config.alpaca_api_secret.clone(),
+                ),
+            ))
+            .unwrap(),
+        ))
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+    match receiver.next().await.unwrap().unwrap() {
+        Message::Text(data)
+            if from_str::<Vec<websocket::incoming::Message>>(&data)
+                .unwrap()
+                .first()
+                == Some(&websocket::incoming::Message::Success(
+                    websocket::incoming::success::Message::Authenticated,
+                )) => {}
+        _ => panic!("Failed to authenticate with Alpaca websocket."),
+    };
+}
--- a/support/clickhouse/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/0000_init.sql
+++ b/support/clickhouse/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/0000_init.sql
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qrust.assets (
-    symbol String,
+    symbol LowCardinality(String),
+    abbreviation LowCardinality(String),
    class Enum('us_equity' = 1, 'crypto' = 2),
    exchange Enum(
        'AMEX' = 1,
@@ -11,13 +12,14 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qrust.assets (
        'OTC' = 7,
        'CRYPTO' = 8
    ),
-    time_added DateTime DEFAULT now()
+    time_added DateTime DEFAULT now(),
+    CONSTRAINT abbreviation ASSUME replace(symbol, '/', '') = abbreviation
 )
 ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree()
 PRIMARY KEY symbol;

 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qrust.bars (
-    symbol String,
+    symbol LowCardinality(String),
    time DateTime,
    open Float64,
    high Float64,
@@ -31,8 +33,30 @@ ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree()
 PRIMARY KEY (symbol, time)
 PARTITION BY toYYYYMM(time);

-CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qrust.backfills (
-    symbol String,
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qrust.backfills_bars (
+    symbol LowCardinality(String),
+    time DateTime
+)
+ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree()
+PRIMARY KEY symbol;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qrust.news (
+    id Int64,
+    time_created DateTime,
+    time_updated DateTime,
+    symbols Array(LowCardinality(String)),
+    headline String,
+    author String,
+    source Nullable(String),
+    summary Nullable(String),
+    url Nullable(String),
+)
+ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree()
+PARTITION BY toYYYYMM(time_created)
+PRIMARY KEY id;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qrust.backfills_news (
+    symbol LowCardinality(String),
    time DateTime
 )
 ENGINE = ReplacingMergeTree()
--- a/support/clickhouse/users.d/max_partitions_per_insert_block.xml
+++ b/support/clickhouse/users.d/max_partitions_per_insert_block.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<clickhouse>
+  <profiles>
+    <default>
+      <max_partitions_per_insert_block>1000</max_partitions_per_insert_block>
+    </default>
+  </profiles>
+</clickhouse>